Protecting Your Database: Specifying Passwords for Users SYS and SYSTEM

To protect your database, specify passwords for users SYS and SYSTEM.

• In the CREATE DATABASE statement, include clauses that specify the password for users SYS and SYSTEM.

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The clauses of the CREATE DATABASE statement used for specifying the passwords for users SYS and SYSTEM are:

• USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY password
• USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY password

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If you omit these clauses, then these users are assigned the default passwords change_on_install and manager, respectively. A record is written to the alert log indicating that the default passwords were used. To protect your database, you must change these passwords using the ALTER USER statement immediately after database creation.

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Oracle strongly recommends that you specify these clauses, even though they are optional in this release of Oracle Database. The default passwords are commonly known, and if you neglect to change them later, then you leave database vulnerable to attack by malicious users.

When choosing a password, keep in mind that passwords are case-sensitive. Also, there may be password formatting requirements for your database. See the section entitled “How Oracle Database Checks the Complexity of Passwords” in Oracle Database Security Guide for more information.

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