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With Microsoft Graph connectors, your organization can index third-party data so it appears in Microsoft Search results. Depending on the connector, the third-party data can be hosted on-premises or in the cloud.

The following image gives you an overview of the architecture behind Graph connectors.

Supported products and data sources

With 150+ connectors available, you can connect to popular services, including Azure, Box, Confluence, ServiceNow, Salesforce, and more. For a complete list of Graph connectors and details about them, go to the Microsoft Graph connectors gallery.

Microsoft has also created Graph connectors for many popular data sources, including:

• Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2: Search for files stored in Azure Blob Storage and Azure Data Lake Gen 2 Storage accounts.
• Azure DevOps (preview): Index work items from the Azure DevOps Cloud Service.
• Azure SQL and Microsoft SQL Server: Bring in data from an on-premises SQL Server database or a database hosted in your Azure SQL instance in the cloud.
• Confluence Cloud: Amplify your team’s productivity by integrating Confluence data like blogs, pages, and more.
• Confluence On-premises (preview): Index Confluence server or data center content.
• Jira Cloud (preview): Index issues in your Jira cloud hosted instances.
• Enterprise websites: Search articles and content from intranet websites, including dynamic sites.
• File share: Search on-premise Windows file shares for Office 365, Apache OpenOffice, and other file formats.
• MediaWiki: Add data from a wiki or other content created with MediaWiki software to your index.
• Oracle SQL: Discover and index data from an on-premises Oracle database.
• Salesforce: Make contacts, cases, opportunities, leads, and accounts objects discoverable to users according to your organization’s Salesforce permissions.
• ServiceNow Catalog (preview): Make catalog items accessible to your users.
• ServiceNow Knowledge: Index ServiceNow knowledge-base articles according to the user criteria permissions within your organization.

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Access to data and information is a key factor that impacts productivity in most modern organizations. However, enterprise data is often siloed or distributed across various sources—like cloud databases, intranet sites, or on-premises systems. With Microsoft Search, your organization can use Graph and federated search connectors to bring these sources into your search experience.

Scenario: A large advertising firm has used Salesforce as a CRM tool for many years. The firm’s leadership is looking to improve how existing client information is accessed internally. They’re hoping to make their valuable Salesforce data easier to find within the firm. They reach out to their IT department to see if Microsoft Search can provide a solution.

Learning objectives

Once you’ve completed this module, you should be able to:

• Explain what Microsoft Graph and federated connectors are and how they work.
• Awareness of the different types of Graph connectors.
• Customize search results using verticals, layouts, clusters, and filters.
• Identify the capabilities of Microsoft Graph Search APIs.

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The following code is one possible solution for the challenge from the previous unit.

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string projectName = "ACME";
string englishLocation = $@"c:\Exercise\{projectName}\data.txt";
Console.WriteLine($"View English output:\n\t{englishLocation}\n");

string russianMessage = "\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434";
string russianLocation = $@"c:\Exercise\{projectName}\ru-RU\data.txt";
Console.WriteLine($"{russianMessage}:\n\t{russianLocation}\n");

This code represents “one possible solution“. You may have some variations in naming variables or in the character escape sequences you used. You might use Console.Write instead of Console.WriteLine, or you might combine the values instead of using several variables.

However, as long as your code follows the instructions from the challenge and produces the desired output, then congratulations! Continue to the knowledge check in the next unit.

 Important

If you had trouble completing this challenge, maybe you should review the previous units before you continue on.

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Code challenges will reinforce what you’ve learned and help you gain some confidence before continuing on.

In this challenge, you’ll print instructions to the end user to let them know where your application will output data files. You won’t be actually creating any files — you’re only interested in displaying formatted instructions to the console window.

You’ll use what you’ve learned about character escape sequences, verbatim strings, unicode, and string interpolation to provide instructions in both English and Russian.

Challenge: Format and display instructions

1. Select all of the code in the .NET Editor, and press Delete or Backspace to delete it.
2. Begin solving the challenge with the following two lines of code.

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string projectName = "ACME";

string russianMessage = "\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434";

The projectName variable will be used twice in the desired output.

The russianMessage variable contains the message “View Russian output” in Russian. You must use this variable in your code that prints the message.

You may not change these two lines of code, but you can add code above and below each line. You must use these two lines of code to form the desired output.

1. You may only use either the Console.WriteLine() or the Console.Write() method twice.

In other words, to complete this challenge, you can only create two instructions that actually print output to the console. If you need to print additional new lines or add any formatting, you must use what you’ve learned in this module to accomplish it.

1. Use character escape sequences, verbatim strings, unicode, and string interpolation to generate the output.

To complete this challenge, your code must produce the following output.

OutputCopy

View English output:
  c:\Exercise\ACME\data.txt

Посмотреть русский вывод:
  c:\Exercise\ACME\ru-RU\data.txt

Take note of the new lines, the tabs, and how the two mandatory lines of code are used in the output.

Whether you get stuck and need to peek at the solution, or you finish successfully, continue on to view a solution to this challenge.

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You’ll be using the .NET Editor as your code development environment. You’ll be writing code that uses string and numeric variables, performs calculations, and displays results to a console.

Project overview

You’re developing a Student Grading application that automates the calculation of current grades for each student in a class. The parameters for your application are:

• You’re given a short list of four students and their five assignment grades.
• Each assignment grade is expressed as an integer value, 0-100, where 100 represents 100% correct.
• Final scores are calculated as an average of the five assignment scores.
• Your application needs to perform basic math operations to calculate the final grades for each student.
• Your application needs to output/display each student’s name and final score.

Currently, the teachers grade book shows the graded assignments for each student as follows:Copy

Sophia: 93, 87, 98, 95, 100

Nicolas: 80, 83, 82, 88, 85

Zahirah:   84, 96, 73, 85, 79

Jeong:  90, 92, 98, 100, 97

The teacher requires that the calculated grades for each student are displayed as follows:Copy

Student     Grade
Sophia      94.6  A
Nicolas     83.6  B
Zahirah     83.4  B
Jeong       95.4  A

Setup

Use the following steps to prepare for the Guided project exercises:

1. Open the .NET Editor coding environment.
2. Copy and paste the following code into the .NET Editor. These values represent the graded assignments for each student.C#Copy// initialize variables - graded assignments int currentAssignments = 5; int sophia1 = 93; int sophia2 = 87; int sophia3 = 98; int sophia4 = 95; int sophia5 = 100; int nicolas1 = 80; int nicolas2 = 83; int nicolas3 = 82; int nicolas4 = 88; int nicolas5 = 85; int zahirah1 = 84; int zahirah2 = 96; int zahirah3 = 73; int zahirah4 = 85; int zahirah5 = 79; int jeong1 = 90; int jeong2 = 92; int jeong3 = 98; int jeong4 = 100; int jeong5 = 97;

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The following code is one possible solution for the challenge from the previous unit.

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string name = "Bob";
int messages = 3;
decimal temperature = 34.4m;

Console.Write("Hello, ");
Console.Write(name);
Console.Write("! You have ");
Console.Write(messages);
Console.Write(" messages in your inbox. The temperature is ");
Console.Write(temperature);
Console.Write(" celsius.");

This code is just one possible solution of how to create the output. For example, it’s possible you could have used more Console.Write() statements; however, you should have initialized three variables to store the three values per the instructions in the challenge.

Furthermore, you should have used:

• a variable of type string to hold the name "Bob".
• a variable of type int to store the number of messages.
• a variable of type decimal, float, or double to store the temperature.

If you were successful, congratulations! Continue to the knowledge check in the next unit.

 Important

If you had trouble completing this challenge, maybe you should review the previous units before you continue.

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In this challenge, you’ll write code that will combine literal and variable values into a single message.

Challenge: Display literal and variable values

1. Select all of the code in the .NET Editor then select the Delete or Backspace key to delete it.
2. Store the following values in variables:
   • Bob
   • 3
   • 34.4
   These variables should be given names that reflect their purpose.Make sure you select the correct data type for each of the variables based on the type of data it will hold.Finally, you’ll combine the variables with literal strings passed into a series of Console.Write() commands to form a complete message.
3. Write code in the .NET Editor to display the following message:OutputCopyHello, Bob! You have 3 messages in your inbox. The temperature is 34.4 celsius. No matter how you do it, your code should produce the specified output.

Whether you get stuck and need to peek at the solution or you finish successfully, continue to view a solution to this challenge.

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The C# compiler works behind the scenes to assist you as you write your code. It can infer your variable’s data type by its initialized value. In this unit, you’ll learn about this feature, called implicitly typed local variables.

What are implicitly typed local variables?

An implicitly typed local variable is created by using the var keyword followed by a variable initialization. For example:

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var message = "Hello world!";

In this example, a string variable was created using the var keyword instead of the string keyword.

The var keyword tells the C# compiler that the data type is implied by the assigned value. After the type is implied, the variable acts the same as if the actual data type had been used to declare it. The var keyword is used to save on keystrokes when types are lengthy or when the type is obvious from the context.

In the example:

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var message = "Hello world!";

Because the variable message is immediately set to the string value "Hello World!", the C# compiler understands the intent and treats every instance of message as an instance of type string.

In fact, the message variable is typed to be a string and can never be changed. For example, consider the following code:

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var message = "Hello World!";
message = 10.703m;

If you run this code, you’ll see the following error message.

OutputCopy

(2,11): error CS0029: Cannot implicitly convert type 'decimal' to 'string'

 Note

Other programming languages use the var keyword differently. In C#, variables are assigned a type by the compiler regardless of whether you use the actual data type name or allow the compiler to imply the data type. In other words, the type is locked in at the time of declaration and therefore will never be able to hold values of a different data type.

Variables using the var keyword must be initialized

It’s important to understand that the var keyword is dependent on the value you use to initialize the variable. If you try to use the var keyword without initializing the variable, you’ll receive an error when you attempt to compile your code.

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var message;

If you attempt to run this code, as it compiles, you’ll see the following output:

OutputCopy

(1,5): error CS0818: Implicitly-typed variables must be initialized

Why use the var keyword?

The var keyword has been widely adopted in the C# community. It’s likely that if you look at a code example in a book or online, you’ll see the var keyword used instead of the actual data type name, so it’s important to understand its usage.

The var keyword has an important use in C#. Many times, the type of a variable is obvious from its initialization. In those cases, it’s simpler to use the var keyword. The var keyword can also be useful when planning the code for an application. When you begin developing code for a task, you may not immediately know what data type to use. Using var can help you develop your solution more dynamically.

As you get started, it is recommended that you continue to use the actual data type name when you declare variables until you become more comfortable working with code. Using the data type when you declare variables will help you be purposeful as you write your code.

Recap

Here’s what you’ve learned about the var keyword so far:

• The var keyword tells the compiler to infer the data type of the variable based on the value it is initialized to.
• You’ll likely see the var keyword as you read other people’s code; however, you should use the data type when possible.

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A literal is literally a hard-coded value. Hard-coded values are values that are constant and unchanged throughout the execution of the program. However, most applications will require you to work with values that you don’t know much about ahead of time. In other words, you’ll need to work with data that comes from users, from files, or from across the network.

When you need to work with data that isn’t hard-coded, you’ll declare a variable.

What is a variable?

A variable is a container for storing a type of value. Variables are important because their values can change, or vary, throughout the execution of a program. Variables can be assigned, read, and changed. You use variables to store values that you intend to use in your code.

A variable name is a human-friendly label that the compiler assigns to a memory address. When you want to store or change a value in that memory address, or whenever you want to retrieve the stored value, you just use the variable name you created.

Declare a variable

To create a new variable, you must first declare the data type of the variable, and then give it a name.

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string firstName;

In this case, you’re creating a new variable of type string called firstName. From now on, this variable can only hold string values.

You can choose any name as long as it adheres to a few C# syntax rules for naming variables.

Variable name rules and conventions

A software developer once famously said “The hardest part of software development is naming things.” Not only does the name of a variable have to follow certain syntax rules, it should also be used to make the code more human-readable and understandable. That’s a lot to ask of one line of code!

Here’s a few important considerations about variable names:

• Variable names can contain alphanumeric characters and the underscore character. Special characters like the hash symbol # (also known as the number symbol or pound symbol) or dollar symbol $ are not allowed.
• Variable names must begin with an alphabetical letter or an underscore, not a number.
• Variable names are case-sensitive, meaning that string Value; and string value; are two different variables.
• Variable names must not be a C# keyword. For example, you cannot use the following variable declarations: decimal decimal; or string string;.

There are coding conventions that help keep variables readable and easy to identify. As you develop larger applications, these coding conventions can help you keep track of variables among other text.

Here are some coding conventions for variables:

• Variable names should use camel case, which is a style of writing that uses a lower-case letter at the beginning of the first word and an upper-case letter at the beginning of each subsequent word. For example, string thisIsCamelCase;.
• Variable names should begin with an alphabetical letter. Developers use the underscore for a special purpose, so try to not use that for now.
• Variable names should be descriptive and meaningful in your app. Choose a name for your variable that represents the kind of data it will hold.
• Variable names should be one or more entire words appended together. Don’t use contractions or abbreviations because the name of the variable (and therefore, its purpose) may be unclear to others who are reading your code.
• Variable names shouldn’t include the data type of the variable. You might see some advice to use a style like string strValue;. That advice is no longer current.

The example string firstName; follows all of these rules and conventions, assuming you want to use this variable to store data that represents someone’s first name.

Variable name examples

Here’s a few examples of variable declarations using the data types you learned about thus far:

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char userOption;

int gameScore;

decimal particlesPerMillion;

bool processedCustomer;

Recap

Here’s what you’ve learned so far about variables:

• Variables are temporary values you store in the computer’s memory.
• Before you can use a variable, you have to declare it.
• To declare a variable, you first select a data type for the kind of data you want to store, and then give the variable a name that follows the rules.

Now that you know how to declare a variable, let’s learn how to set, retrieve, and initialize the value of a variable.

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The following code is one possible solution for the challenge from the previous unit.

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Console.WriteLine("This is the first line.");

Console.Write("This is ");
Console.Write("the second ");
Console.Write("line.");

This code is just one possible solution, among many possible ways to achieve the same result. However, you should have used both methods to produce the desired output.

OutputCopy

This is the first line.
This is the second line.

If you were successful, congratulations! Continue to the next unit for a knowledge check.

 Important

If you had trouble completing this challenge, review the previous units before you continue.

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