Creating a Database Password File with ORAPWD

You can create a database password file with ORAPWD.

To create a database password file:

• Run the ORAPWD command.

Sharing and Disabling the Database Password File

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You use the initialization parameter REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE to control whether a database password file is shared among multiple Oracle Database instances. You can also use this parameter to disable password file authentication.

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To share a password file or disable password file authentication:

• Set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE initialization parameter.

You can set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE initialization parameter to one of the following values:

• none: Setting this parameter to none causes Oracle Database to behave as if the password file does not exist. That is, no privileged connections are allowed over nonsecure connections.
• exclusive: (The default) An exclusive password file can be used with only one database. Only an exclusive file can be modified. Using an exclusive password file enables you to add, modify, and delete users. It also enables you to change the password for SYS, SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, or SYSKM with the ALTER USER command.When an exclusive password file is stored on an Oracle ASM disk group, it can be used by a single-instance database or multiple instances of an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) database.When an exclusive password file is stored on an operating system, it can be used with only one instance of one database.
• shared: A shared password file can be used by multiple databases running on the same server, or multiple instances of an Oracle RAC database, even when it is stored on an operating system. A shared password file is read-only and cannot be modified. Therefore, you cannot add users to a shared password file. Any attempt to do so or to change the password of SYS or other users with the administrative privileges generates an error. All users needing administrative privileges must be added to the password file when REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE is set to exclusive. After all users are added, you can change REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE to shared, and then share the file.This option is useful if you are administering multiple databases with a single password file.You cannot specify shared for an Oracle ASM password file.

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If REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE is set to exclusive or shared and the password file is missing, this is equivalent to setting REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE to none.

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