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Search Coach improves learners’ critical thinking when it comes to research and finding source information. These skills can be further supercharged by a simple concept: lateral reading.

When teaching information literacy, it’s no longer sufficient to rely on a website’s domain, About page, or aesthetics to judge its credibility. These features can be deceptive. Research shows that both students and adults often misjudge a site’s trustworthiness based on looks alone—a holdover from the early web. Today, it’s tough to tell if a site is truly neutral or a facade for specific agendas.

Lateral reading, which involves comparing multiple sources to verify information, is a crucial skill for navigating the digital age. This method marks a significant shift from traditional analysis and is vital for both learners and educators to master.

For an introduction to the concept of lateral reading, we encourage you to explore this video (runtime 3 minutes, 33 seconds).

In a Stanford History Education Group study on lateral reading, researchers Sam Wineburg and Sarah McGrew state that “When reading laterally, one leaves a website and opens new tabs along a horizontal axis in order to use the resources of the Internet to learn more about a site and its claims.” Learners discover what other sources have to say about certain articles by opening a new tab. They practice lateral reading by finding important words such as names, organizations, and events on one site and exploring them in new searches.

By teaching strategies like lateral reading, Search Coach empowers learners to build critical thinking skills while using the web as a research tool, preparing them to face future challenges as successful digital citizens.

Lateral reading for smart searching

Just because something is online doesn’t make it official or accurate. It’s important to keep that in mind when you’re searching the Internet—whether it’s for a school project or something in your personal life.

How to read laterally

Instead of just reading a webpage from top to bottom, open new tabs and keep searching!

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Search Coach does more than teach learners the mechanics of search. The following special features teach learners to think and read critically when searching the Internet.

Search Coach tips

When learners open the Search Coach tab, they see a “Search tip of the day” below the search box. These tips rotate regularly and help learners build search skills.

When learners are actively searching, more tips appear beneath the search box. Some tips rotate, while learners’ queries trigger others. By paying attention to the tips, learners can refine their search habits and get more relevant, reliable results.

Tips like the one above help learners understand that browsers operate on inferred intent, yielding results that satisfy a searcher’s desire. To explore this essential concept further, check out the Search Coach lesson plan for Choosing a pet. One of the best uses of tips is to inspire in-class activities and conversations; to learn more, check out the lesson plans linked at the bottom of this page!

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With Search Coach, educators and learners have tools to modify their searches. These features help learners develop patterns they can use for a search query—the phrase or keyword combination typed into a search box—in traditional search engines.

The four standard tools are:

• Domain
• File type
• Date range
• Operators

Domain

Domains indicate the type of website you are on. In Search Coach, learners can filter searches by common domains including:

• .com (commercial)
• .org (organizations, which may or may not be credible)

And institutional domains, which default to American institutions but educators can edit to better represent institutions in their country or region:

• .edu (higher education in the US)
• .gov (United States government)

In addition, learners can use country and regional domains, allowing them to focus their searches on sites from a particular geographic area.

File type

Learners use the File type filter to find certain types of files in a search, such as PDFs, PowerPoint presentations, or Word documents.

Date range

This tool filters results by how recently Bing discovered a page, helping learners narrow down sources that were discovered in the past 24 hours, week, month, year, or within a custom set date range.

Operators

Operators help make a search more specific.

• OR broadens a search to include additional information.
• NOT and the minus sign (-) narrow searches by excluding terms that aren’t needed.
• AND narrows searches by ensuring all keywords are present in the results.
• Quotation marks (” “) return results containing an exact match of a phrase.

There are two more filters that can be set by the educator under Class settings. More than one filter can be applied, but only one of the fact check or custom filters can be enabled at once.

Fact check

A set of objective fact check sites appear under a fifth filter button.

Custom filter

Educators may create a list of domains for learners to search. This tool can be useful for keeping learners focused on a specific subject, supporting them in finding quality sources, or limiting them to age-appropriate websites.

Educators can also engage learners by selecting a background image in Class settings.

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Everyone in your organization plays an important role in managing access to information. When adequate access controls aren’t consistently applied, it can result in something we refer to as ‘oversharing.’ Managing access to files and sites will help prevent oversharing in search results, recommended feeds, and more.

In this module, we’ll go over the solutions and controls available to manage access to information on SharePoint, OneDrive, and Delve. We’ll also look at how search entry points, like embedded search boxes and Microsoft Edge work shortcuts, can help users find work or school results faster. Lastly, we’ll discuss feedback and using it to monitor and evaluate the search experience.

Scenario: Suppose the leadership team at a pharmaceuticals company is concerned about sites with sensitive information appearing in search results. To address this, a Search admin has connected with other IT team members to ensure access controls are in place. The communications team is also sharing information about how users can help manage access to files broadly within the company.

Learning objectives

Once you’ve completed this module, you should be able to:

• Outline the controls available to manage access to files and sites.
• Enable and manage other Microsoft Search entry points.
• Locate and review Microsoft Search user feedback.

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Microsoft 365 imposes security requirements on Actionable Messages in Outlook senders to prevent unauthorized senders from exploiting users. Microsoft 365 also provides ways for your service to verify that calls to your action endpoints are valid.

Sender requirements

In addition to the registration requirement discussed in the previous unit, email messages that contain Actionable Messages must meet one of the following requirements.

• The email message must originate from a server that implements both DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) and Sender Policy Framework (SPF). These are industry standard ways to prove a sender’s identity when sending emails over SMTP. Many companies already implement these standards to secure the emails they are already sending.
• The Actionable Message JSON must be signed using the JSON Web Signature (JWS) standard, using a private key that corresponds to a public key included in your Actionable Message registration.

Protecting your service

All HTTP POST requests sent to your service by Microsoft 365 include a bearer token in the Authorization header. This token is a JSON Web Token (JWT) signed by Microsoft, and it includes important claims that should be verified by the service handling the associated request. By validating this token, you can know that the request is a valid one and that it originated from Microsoft. The token also contains the Microsoft Entra identity of the recipient who initiated the action.

Your service can also require authentication on your action endpoint. You can respond to a POST to your endpoint with an HTTP 401 status and an ACTION-AUTHENTICATE header, specifying a login URL. The Outlook client will use that URL to allow the user to login to your system, and your service can associate the user’s Microsoft Entra identity with your system.

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Actionable Messages in Outlook provide a powerful set of capabilities and typically send information outside of the Microsoft 365 service. Because of this, services must register their sender and web API endpoints.

Actionable Email Developer Dashboard

Developers register their solution in the Actionable Email Developer Dashboard. The developer provides the following information.

• One or more static email addresses that will be used as the sender for Actionable Messages.
• One or more HTTPS URLs that will be invoked by the actions in the message.
• The scope of the submission. Scope dictates the set of recipients that can receive Actionable Messages from the solution.
• Optionally, the developer can provide a logo for their provider.

Once the registration is created, the developer obtains a provider ID, which is included in the Adaptive Card markup in every message sent by the solution.

Scope of submission

Next steps for the registration process depends on the desired scope of submission.

Test Users

With this scope, the solution is only allowed to send to the specified users. These users must be in the same Microsoft 365 organization as the user creating the registration. This scope is typically used in later stages of development, for more formal testing or beta testing.

This scope requires a list of one or more test user email addresses, and is auto-approved.

Organization

With this scope, the solution is allowed to send to any user in the same Microsoft 365 organization as the user creating the registration. This scope is typically used by line-of-business applications, such as internal expense reporting solutions.

This scope optionally accepts one or more email addresses of users to add to the new registration notification, along with a comment field. The request is sent to the organization’s Exchange administrators for approval.

Global

With this scope, the solution is allowed to send to any Microsoft 365 user. This scope is typically used by ISVs or websites that provide services to multiple customers.

This scope requires additional information, including company information, point of contact, a description of the scenario and actions, and detailed instructions for testing and verifying the solution. The request is sent to Microsoft for testing, validation, and approval.

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Actionable Messages in Outlook are built on the Adaptive Card format. Outlook extends the standard Adaptive Card schema to define additional actions to support Actionable Message scenarios.

In this unit, we take a look at the following Outlook-specific actions.

• Action.Http
• Action.InvokeAddInCommand
• Action.DisplayMessageForm
• Action.DisplayAppointmentForm
• Action.ToggleVisibility

Action.Http

The Action.Http action is the core action used to make an Actionable Message interact with your service. This action sends an HTTP POST to your service, and can include user input.

Your service can provide a new card in response to this action, referred to as a refresh card. The refresh card will permanently replace the card on that email message. Refresh cards are typically used to report back status of the action. For example, when a recipient responds to a survey Actionable Message, your service could send back a card thanking the recipient for responding.

An Action.Http action can also be set to automatically execute when the user opens the message. The result of the action contains a new card, updated with the latest information. For example, if an expense report tool sends an approval request to multiple approvers, the card could auto-invoke an action to query the service to see if someone has already approved the report. In that case, it could replace the card asking the recipient to approve with a card informing them who approved it and when.

JSONCopy

{
  "type": "Action.Http",
  "title": "Send Feedback",
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "https://...",
  "body": "{{feedbackText.value}}"
}

Action.InvokeAddInCommand

The Action.InvokeAddInCommand action invokes a task pane Outlook add-in. It supports one-click installation of the add-in, so it isn’t required that the recipient have the add-in already installed.

This action can be used to:

• Enable scenarios that require more complex user interactions that aren’t well suited to the Actionable Message schema, but still keep the user in Outlook by invoking an add-in.
• Help drive adoption of your Outlook add-in by giving recipients the option to install your add-in with a single click, and use the add-in to respond to a request for action.

JSONCopy

{
  "type": "Action.InvokeAddInCommand",
  "title": "Create Support Ticket with Contoso Support",
  "addInId": "527104a1-f1a5-475a-9199-7a968161c870",
  "desktopCommandId": "openTicketPane",
  "initializationContext": {
    "referenceNumber": "REF039420",
    "bucketId": 2,
    "priority": "normal"
  }
}

Action.DisplayMessageForm and Action.DisplayAppointmentForm

The Action.DisplayMessageForm and Action.DisplayAppointmentForm actions are used to open an existing email message or appointment in the recipient’s mailbox.

JSONCopy

{
  "type": "Action.DisplayMessageForm",
  "title": "Show me the message",
  "itemId": "AAMkAGUy...g3BZAAA="
}

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Actionable Messages in Outlook use Adaptive Card JSON to add the actionable card section to an email message. In this unit, we take a look at how the Adaptive Card JSON is added into the email message.

Actionable Message card

The key part of an Actionable Message is the message card. The card is displayed prominently at the top of a message, using UI elements that integrate with the native UI of the email client. The prominent placement of the card makes it ideal for communicating key information and requesting action from the recipient.

The card is implemented using standard Adaptive Card syntax and features, with some new Outlook-specific features added on.

Let’s take a look at a simple example. The following JSON implements a basic card.

JSONCopy

{
  "type": "AdaptiveCard",
  "version": "1.0",
  "originator": "5a53e3ea-f50a-44d2-8855-2b5825d63eb8",
  "hideOriginalBody": "true",
  "body": [
    {
      "type": "TextBlock",
      "text": "Visit the Outlook Dev Portal",
      "size": "large"
    },
    {
      "type": "TextBlock",
      "text": "Click **Learn More** to learn more about Actionable Messages!"
    },
    {
      "type": "Input.Text",
      "id": "feedbackText",
      "placeholder": "Let us know what you think about Actionable Messages"
    }
  ],
  "actions": [
    {
      "type": "Action.Http",
      "title": "Send Feedback",
      "method": "POST",
      "url": "https://...",
      "body": "{{feedbackText.value}}"
    },
    {
      "type": "Action.OpenUrl",
      "title": "Learn More",
      "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/outlook/actionable-messages"
    }
  ]
}

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Microsoft Teams enables developers to create custom apps that include capabilities including bots, task modules, and messaging extensions. While each of these components supports text-based messaging or HTML rendering, developers can use Adaptive Cards to create experiences that when rendered, will look like the native Microsoft Teams client experience.

In this unit, you’ll learn how to use Adaptive Cards in task modules, bots, and messaging extensions in custom Microsoft Teams apps.

Adaptive Cards in Microsoft Teams

Developers building custom apps for Microsoft Teams can use Adaptive Cards in various extensibility points. Some of these options include the following:

• Task modules: Dialogs in Microsoft Teams are implemented as task modules. A task module can be either a web page loaded within an Iframe, or an Adaptive Card.
• Bots: Conversational bots built using the Microsoft Bot Framework can reply to messages or sent proactive messages as a text-based message or as an Adaptive Card.
• Messaging extensions: Messaging extensions can pre-fill or add content to a new or existing message. This content can be in the format of a text-based message or an Adaptive Card.

Design Adaptive Cards with the Developer Portal

Microsoft Teams offers developers the Developer Portal:

Developers can use the Card editor tab in the Developer Portal to design Adaptive Cards used in Microsoft Teams. This isn’t a replacement to the Adaptive Card designer hosted on the Adaptive Card site, but rather it’s another Adaptive Card authoring option.

Use Adaptive Cards in Microsoft Teams task modules

Task modules are dialogs in Microsoft Teams. Developers can implement task modules in one of two ways:

• IFramed web page: A task module can point to a URL of an HTML page that is rendered in an Iframe in the task module popup window.
• Adaptive Card: A task module can render an Adaptive Card in the contents of the task module popup window.

Using Adaptive Cards in task modules follows nearly all the same requirements as a HTML-based task module.

One difference is how you create the task module. Task modules are invoked by passing a populated instance of the taskInfo object in the microsoftTeams.tasks.startTask() method. For an HTML-based task module, you set the address of the web page loaded in the task module in the taskInfo.url property.

When using an Adaptive Card, you assign the JSON of the card to the taskInfo.card property.

Another difference with Adaptive Cards is in the parameter of the callback method defined when invoking the task module with the startTask() method. The values of all input control defined in the Adaptive Card are returned in a single object, result, in the callback method.

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Adaptive Cards are used to create Actionable Messages in Outlook to extend the functionality of email. They enable users to take quick actions without leaving Outlook.

In this unit, you’ll learn what’s possible and required with Outlook Actionable Messages.

Let’s start this unit with an example scenario that demonstrates how developers can use Adaptive Cards as Actionable Messages in Outlook.

Example scenario of Outlook Actionable Messages

In this scenario, Adaptive Cards are used to send Outlook Actionable Messages to users to process group membership requests.

A Contoso employee submits a request to join a private Office 365 group. Office 365 sends an Actionable Message to the person who owns the group to approve or decline the request. The card included in the message contains all the information the approver might need to quickly understand who submitted the request and any message they included to explain their request. It also includes Approve and Decline actions that can be taken right from Outlook. The owner approves the request, and the card updates to indicate the outcome.

The new member of the group submits a second request to add their team members to the group. Office 365 sends an Actionable Message to the owner with clear information about who submitted the request and the new members to add. The recipient can approve all, some, or none of the proposed new members. The owner approves one new member, and the card updates to indicate the outcome. The approved member is no longer selectable, while the remaining member remains selectable.

The owner declines the other requested new member, and the card updates to indicate the outcome. Both members are no longer selectable, and the action buttons are removed.

Notice the important points in this scenario:

• the group owner can process the group membership request decisions entirely through email
• each time the group owner does an action, the card is refreshed without receiving extra emails
• the group owner can do all necessary actions without leaving Outlook

Outlook Actionable Messages with Adaptive Cards

Whether you’re filling out a survey, approving an expense report, or updating a CRM sales opportunity, Actionable Messages enable you to take quick actions right from within Outlook. Developers can now embed actions in their emails or notifications, elevating user engagement with their services and increasing organizational productivity.

Office 365 provides two solutions to enhance productivity with Outlook Actionable Messages: Actionable Messages via email, and Actionable Messages via Office 365 Connectors.

 Note

This module is only addressing Actionable Messages.

Outlook introduced the Actionable Message card format that over time has evolved into the Adaptive Card format. Microsoft now recommends developers should use the Adaptive Card format for Actionable Messages as it’s the only format supported on Outlook on iOS and Android.

Cards are included in an HTML email sent to users by including a <script type="application/adaptivecard+json"> element in the <head> element of the email.

The message body of the email should still be placed in the <body> element.

Sender verification for Actionable Messages with Adaptive Cards

Securing actionable email is simple and easy. There are two phases within the end-to-end experience that impose security requirements on your service when supporting Actionable Messages with Office 365.

Let’s first explore the sending phase of Actionable Messages

In the send phase, the pre-requisites for your service to send Actionable Messages are as follows:

• If you’re using actionable email, you’ll need to enable sender verification. This doesn’t apply to connector messages.
• Your service must be registered with Microsoft.
• The Action URL must support HTTPS.

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